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Which forms of neurodiversity can be distinguished? On these pages we tell you more about giftedness, the autism spectrum, high sensitivity and the ADHD spectrum.

Giftedness

Giftedness refers to exceptionally high intellectual abilities and strongly developed creativity and motivation. Gifted people often show characteristics such as a fast style of learning and thinking, great curiosity and a deep interest in complex subjects.

What is giftedness?

Autism spectrum

The autism spectrum describes a pattern of differences in social interaction, communication, perception and behaviour. How much support someone needs differs greatly from person to person and from situation to situation.

What is the autism spectrum?

High sensitivity

High sensitivity refers to a heightened sensitivity to stimuli from the environment and a deeper processing of those stimuli. Highly sensitive people often experience the world more intensely and have a rich inner life.

What is high sensitivity?

ADHD spectrum

The ADHD spectrum (the abbreviation stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) describes differences in attention, energy and impulse regulation. Those differences can cause friction, for example with concentration at school or work. They can also give strength, such as energy and switching quickly.

What is the ADHD spectrum?

Prof. dr. Jim van Os, Chair Division Neuroscience, Utrecht University Medical Centre. Jim works at the interface of ‘hard’ brain science, health services research, art and subjective experiences of people with ‘lived experience’ in mental healthcare. 

Jim has been appearing on the Thomson-Reuter Web of Science list of ‘most influential scientific minds of our time’ since 2014. In 2014 he published his book ‘Beyond DSM-5‘, and in 2016 the book ‘Good Mental Health Care’. In 2026 he published 'Wat psychisch lijden is'.

Want to read more?

Blogs by Jim van Os can be read here

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